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Hydrocyclones is a device that sorts the heavy particles utilizing water as a bulk liquid with the help of centrifugal force. It can be described as gas or liquid cleaning device. Hydrocyclones are designed cylindrical at the top and conical at the bottom. The device is now becoming well established in industrial applications. Application of hydrocyclones fall into several broad categories such as clarification, classification, thickening, sorting, liquid-liquid separation, washing, liquid degassing and particle size measurement. Hydrocyclones operates with the two exits on the axis; smaller exit on the bottom underflows or emits the thicker fragment and larger exit at the top that emits or overflows liquid fragment. The hydrocyclones finds application across a wide range of industries such as petrochemicals, mining, mineral processing, oil production, food processing, pharmaceutical industry etc. The hydrocyclones filter is peculiarly designed to sort sand and inorganic particles from bulk liquid with the help of centrifugal force. This application is useful in drip irrigation for plants and farms. Hydrocyclones can also be used for air pollution control of specified sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, smelters, petroleum refineries, pulp mills and incinerators. Hydrocyclones are constructed from a range of abrasion resistant materials, offering resistance to elevated temperature and chemical attack. They require little or no power, are almost maintenance-free yet allow continuous operation with a wide range of throughputs. Their simple design makes them fairly inexpensive and easy to control by either changing the pressure or diameter of the underflow. Hydrocyclones can be made of metals mainly steel, ceramic or plastic. Metal or ceramic hydrocyclones prove useful when contact with sand particles. If the size of the particles is same and density varies the heavier particles will exit before the lighter particles thus enabling selective concentration. Hydrocyclones are also related to centrifuges, both of them is intended to separate heavies and lights in liquid by application of centrifugal force.
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