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Fabrication, when used as an industrial term, applies to the building of machines, structures and other equipment, by cutting, shaping and assembling components made from raw materials. Steel fabrication shops and machine shops have overlapping capabilities, but fabrication shops generally concentrate on the metal preparation, welding and assembly aspect while the machine shop is more concerned with the machining of parts.Metal fabrication is a value added process that involves the construction of machines and structures from various raw materials. A fabricating shop will bid on a job, usually based on the engineering drawings, and if awarded the contract will build the product. Fabrication shops are employed by contractors, oem's and var's. Typical projects include; loose parts, structural frames for buildings and heavy equipment, and hand railings and stairs for buildings. The computer numerical control (cnc) fabrication process offers flexible manufacturing runs without high capital expenditure dies and stamping presses. High volumes are not required to justify the use of this equipment. Tooling is mounted on a turret which can be as little as 10 sets to as much as 100 sets. This turret is mounted on the upper part of the press, which can range in capacity from 10 tons to 100 tons in capacity. The turret travels on lead screws, which travel in the x and y direction and are computer controlled. Alternatively, the work piece can travel on the lead screws, and move relative to the fixed turret. The tooling is located over the sheet metal, the punch is activated, and performs the operation, and the turret is indexed to the next location of the work piece. After the first stage of tooling is deployed over the entire work piece, the second stage is rotated into place and the whole process is repeated. This entire process is repeated until all the tooling positions of the turret are deployed. Welding fabrication engineers make, join and repair metal parts for machinery and equipment such as motor bodies, trailer units, containers, truck frames and bridges. A method of fabricating a piston for use in an automobile is by welding. The head section and the skirt section of the piston are separately fabricated by casting such that these sections form the top wall portion of the piston when joined together and that the abutting surfaces of these sections form a portion of an oil circulating passage. Then, these sections are connected and welded together using an electron beam. A technique for fabricating unbalanced, transparent, glass-plastic windows incorporating a technique to compensate for distortion effects similar to the action of a bimetal during the time-temperature-pressure cycle involved in lamination.
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