A photo catalytic air cleaning system relies on the interaction between light and titanium dioxide, when light is absorbed into the titanium dioxide; it acts as a catalyst to produce an oxidizing agent. This agent, called a hydroxyl radical, is like a bullet for the bacteria. This air pollution control system also destroys bacillus subtilis, a spore that causes food spoilage.The photo catalytic air purifier is based on photo catalytic oxidation (pco), an emerging air purifier technology that converts fine particles and toxic gasses into safer compounds. Pco is fda approved for reducing bacteria in poultry and pork processing, and is used to cleanse pesticides from fruits and vegetables. A photo catalytic air cleaner uses broad spectrum ultraviolet light, which reacts with a thin-film titanium dioxide-based chemical catalyst, in the presence of water, to create hydroxyl radicals and super-oxide ions which oxidize volatile organic compounds (vocs), and eliminate microorganisms adsorbed on the catalyst surface. A high-intensity broad spectrum ultraviolet lamp, with uvc (254 nm) germicidal light wavelengths included, is the first part of photo catalytic air purification technology. Ultraviolet light can reduce microbial populations in our air. A wider set of ultraviolet wavelengths below 385nm are employed for catalyst activation. Although uv light alone will degrade toxic organic compounds, reaction rates are much faster with photo catalytic assistance. A catalyst is a substance that can speed up a chemical reaction without itself being used up. The catalyst material in the photo catalytic purifier is titanium dioxide, tio2, which is applied as a thin film on aluminum or ceramic substrate. Titanium dioxide is a relatively inexpensive pigment and is used to add whiteness to products such as paints and coatings, plastics, paper, inks, fibers, food, toothpaste and cosmetics.
Titanium dioxide is also a semiconductor. When a semiconductor is bombarded with light of certain wavelengths, electrons in the material's valence band are excited into the conduction band. This means they are free to move and their energy ends up splitting nearby water molecules into two parts, hydroxyl radicals and super-oxide ions. Organic substances, like germs and volatile organic compounds, are held together by carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Oxidizers chop these bonds and cut the molecule into smaller compounds which are broken over and over until only carbon dioxide and water are left. A photo catalytic purifier can eliminate particles down to 0.001 microns from air, including the very tiny lung penetrating particles i keep hollering about. Most hepa air filters balk at particles smaller than .3 microns. Pollens, dust mite allergens, pet dander, mold, bacteria, and viruses in the air, are on the list of items removed. Larger particles, such as pet hair, require a pre filter.