Hydraulic Filter

A filter device for filtering hydraulic fluid includes first and second subelements within a filter housing having separate inflows thereto for the respective subelements and a common outflow. The first subelement has higher filter fineness than the second subelement. Several bypass configurations are taught and include: (i) a bypass line for bypassing the second subelement by drawing fluid directly from the supply; (ii) a bypass valve for bypassing the first subelement; and (iii) a bypass valve for connecting the first subelement inflow with the common outflow.

The hydraulic filter relates to a filter device for filtering a hydraulic fluid, with a filter housing in which a filter element is disposed. The hydraulic filter also relates to a filter element for a filter device of this type and to a hydraulic circuit with a filter device. Filter devices of the type stated at the beginning have many uses, for example in self-propelled machinery, such as construction or agricultural machinery for example. In such cases, the hydraulic systems have to meet very high requirements concerning the cleanliness of the hydraulic fluid in order for them to operate as intended over long periods without any malfunctions and with little wear. With many hydraulic systems there is already a high risk of damage occurring to the hydraulic pumps being used when they are put into operation for the first time, on account of residues of dirt remaining in the hydraulic fluid tank. In particular in the case of complexly shaped tanks formed as a cast part or welded construction, reliable, thorough cleaning is scarcely possible with a reasonable amount of effort. Therefore, at least one protective filter which holds back dirt particles of a minimum size of about 60 µm is usually disposed upstream of the hydraulic pumps. However, protective filters of this type are usually not adequate to ensure the required long-term wear resistance of the highly stressed hydraulic components. To do so, in many cases much smaller dirt particles have to be effectively filtered out from the hydraulic fluid.

For this purpose, a separate fine filter, with a fineness of less than 15 µm, that is to say with which dirt particles of a minimum size of approximately 15 µm can be removed, may be used in addition to said protective filter. In this case, the protective filter is used in the form of a suction filter, which is disposed in the intake line of the hydraulic pump, and the fine filter is fitted in the return line or pressure line of the hydraulic system. In this case, screening elements are usually used as the suction filter, while filter elements with filter material of nonwoven fabric, which in many cases themselves still filter out dirt particles of a size of around 5 µm from the hydraulic fluid with an efficiency of at least 50%, can be used in the pressure or return filters.

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