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Valves are any of various devices that regulate the flow of gases, liquids, or loose materials through piping or through apertures by opening, closing, or obstructing ports or passageways. Valves are used in a variety of applications including industrial, military, commercial, residential, transportation. Safety valves or pressure relief valves are used in a pressure container, as in a steam boiler, that automatically opens when pressure reaches a dangerous level. Safety valves are attached to a boiler or other vessel for automatically relieving the pressure of steam before it becomes great enough to cause bursting. So they have a special importance in the field of fluid mechanics Principle- solenoid valves are used wherever fluid flow has to be controlled automatically. They are being used to an increasing degree in the most varied types of plants and equipment. With a direct-acting solenoid valve, the seat seal is attached to the solenoid core. In the de-energized condition, a seat orifice is closed, which opens when the valve is energized. Direct 2 way acting valve- two-way valves are shut-off valves with one inlet port and one outlet port. In the de-energized condition, the core spring, assisted by the fluid pressure, holds the valve seal on the valve seat to shut off the flow. When energized, the core and seal are pulled into the solenoid coil and the valve opens. The electro-magnetic force is greater than the combined spring force and the static and dynamic pressure forces of the medium. Direct 3 way acting valve- three-way valves have three port connections and two valve seats. One valve seal always remains open and the other closed in the de-energized mode. When the coil is energized, the mode reverses. The 3-way valve is designed with a plunger type core. Various valve operations can be obtained according to how the fluid medium is connected to the working ports. The fluid pressure builds up under the valve seat. With the coil de-energized, a conical spring holds the lower core seal tightly against the valve seat and shuts off the fluid flow. The assembly- a direct acting valve assembly including a valve body and a guide tube attached thereto. An insert is secured within the guide tube and includes an upraised valve seat surrounding a central aperture. The valve body includes an annular surface between an annular inlet and a centrally located outlet, and an annular seal is positioned between the annular surface and the insert to provide a fluid tight seal there between. The guide tube receives a closure member which carries a valve seal position able against the upraised valve seat of the insert. A solenoid is operable to move the closure member from a first position displaced from the insert and opening the valve and a second position adjacent the insert and sealing the central passageway.
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